Kidney Cancer Common Questions

Not necessarily. Some are fluid-filled cysts, some are benign growths, and some are kidney cancers. Size is one of the most useful clues: smaller solid masses are more likely to be benign, and when they are cancers they are more likely to be slow-growing. The appearance on the scan, together with the size, usually indicates what it is likely to be.

Not always. When the scan appearance is characteristic, or when the result would not change the plan, treatment can proceed without one. A biopsy is helpful when the result may change what is recommended — before ablation, when the diagnosis is uncertain, or when treatment for the renal mass carries higher risk.

Yes, in the right circumstances. For small tumours, particularly in older patients or those with other health problems, careful monitoring with regular scans is a reasonable and safe option. Many small kidney tumours grow slowly or not at all. If a tumour grows or changes, treatment can still be given.

Not usually, if it can be avoided. Wherever technically possible, the preferred operation removes the tumour with a margin of healthy tissue and preserves the rest of the kidney — a partial nephrectomy. Keeping as much working kidney as possible protects long-term kidney function. For larger or more centrally placed tumours, the whole kidney may need to be removed.

Most people manage well. The remaining kidney usually compensates, although overall function is lower than before. Keep well hydrated, have your blood pressure checked, use anti-inflammatory painkillers sparingly, and tell any doctor prescribing for you or arranging a contrast scan that you have had kidney surgery.